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Empathic features of absorption and incongruence.
A study was undertaken to examine whether empathy could be related to absorption and incongruence (repressive coping). The participants were 71 graduate students who completed measures of empathy, absorption, and incongruence (repressive coping). The results confirmed a previous finding that empathy appears positively related to absorption (r = .42, p < .001). The results also suggest that affective components of empathy are inversely related to repressive coping (r = -.29, p < .05) while cognitive components are positively related to the social desirability aspects of incongruence (r = .31, p < .01). The findings are collectively discussed in terms of the Empathic Involvement Hypothesis of Hypnosis (Wickramasekera II, 2001), the Four-factor theory of Repressive Coping (Eysenck, 1997), Incongruence (Rogers, 1957), and the High Risk Model of Threat Perception (I. E. Wickramasekera I, 1998).
Am J Clin Hypn. 2007 Jul;50(1):59-69. Wickramasekera IE 2nd. Adler School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL 60601, USA. Rigdzen@hotmail.com
Drinking alcohol in excess can quickly become a strong addiction. While alcohol drinking may have started out as a way of socializing, once it becomes a regular activity a person’s body and brain begin to expect a certain level of consumption. A that point this behavior begins training the body and brain to expect the stimulus. The resulting addiction becomes a medical and mental health problem that affects just about every facet of life.
Other than realizing the physiological problems, when addressing an addiction related to the excessive drinking of alcohol, it is important to remember...
Fingernail biting is a compulsive behavior that is very often started during a person’s pre-teen or teen years. It is normally a type of defensive reaction that occurs when a young person encounters a threatening situation that they cannot understand. While I’ve seen this occur in situations where there has been a significant stress in the home – to include frequent relocations and abuse – it frequently starts when a seemingly simple event occurs.
One example of this involved a young thirteen year old boy who had been chewing his nails since the age of nine. In this case, the...
What is smoking, why should I care, and how do I quit?
Smoking includes the inhalation of burning tobacco into your airways – to include your lungs. It is done as an addictive habit. Once a non-smoker gets past the initial awkwardness of the act of smoking, the social benefits and simultaneous calming and stimulus benefits lead to a frequent repetition. Unfortunately, this seemingly harmless act both stimulates the release of various pleasure-related chemicals in the brain and become a learned habit, which eventually becomes deeply ingrained in their brain.
The fact that the act...
